TCP/IP
Definition
- Protocol Suite: Set of protocols organised in different layers
Benefits of Layering (MIFTS)
- Modularity: Each layer focuses on a specific function, making the system easier to design, understand and troubleshoot
- Interoperability: Standardised layer functions and interfaces allow devices and software from different vendors to work together
- Flexibility: Changes can be made in one layer without affecting other layers
- Troubleshooting: Network issues can be diagnosed layer by layer
- Standardisation: Common language and framework
TCP/IP Layers
TCP/IP Physical layer
- Unit of communication is a single bit
- Communication is between two nodes (either a computer or router)
TCP/IP Data Link Layer
- Unit of communication is a frame
- Encapsulates the data received from the network layer with an added header and trailer (optional)
TCP/IP Network layer
Select the best path for data to travel from source to destination (routing)
- Leading protocol is Internet Protocol (IP)
- Supporting protocols:
- Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)
- Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
- Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP)
TCP/IP Transport Layer
- Give the source and destination ability to have end-to-end conversation
- Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
TCP/IP Application Layer
- Take data from applications and deliver to transport layer and collect data from transport layer and deliver to the correct applications
- Protocols:
- HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
- FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
- SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)
- POP3 (Post Office Protocol v3)
- DNS (Domain Name Service)
- DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)