18. Python Chapter 7 — object-oriented programming - revision mindmap
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Object model
- Class versus object/instance
- Attributes store state
- Methods define behaviour
- self is receiving instance, not an attribute
Construction and state
- init initialises instance
- Instantiate then call methods
- Instance state versus class attributes
- Mutable class-level value can be shared unintentionally
Encapsulation
- Group state with operations
- Controlled access through interface
- Getter reads; setter validates
- Python name mangling is not an impenetrable barrier
Inheritance
- Is-a relationship; distinguish has-a
- Superclass shared members
- Subclass specialised members
- super initialisation and method reuse
Polymorphism and diagrams
- Same method call, type-appropriate implementation
- Override a method and show concrete behaviour
- Class compartments: name, attributes, methods
- Visibility, types/signatures; inheritance arrow toward superclass
Worked example & exam traps
- Account A: balance 10; Account B: balance 20.
- A.deposit(5) → A.balance 15; B.balance stays 20 with instance state.
- Subclass overrides a method: the same call can select different behaviour.
- Avoid: duplicate inherited state; missing base initialisation; methods changing wrong object
Sources and reading
This map condenses Chapter 18 and its source trail. Use the self-learning reading guide for the corresponding VJC pages and A notes. It does not add topics to the stated promo scope.